Rollup
Protocol
Layer 2 that executes off-chain and posts data to L1.
Rollups process transactions off‑chain and publish proofs or data to a base layer for security. Types include optimistic (fraud proofs) and ZK (validity proofs); core components are sequencers, provers, and bridges.
Frequently asked questions
How do rollups inherit security from L1?
They post transaction data (or commitments) to L1. Fraud or validity proofs on L1 enforce correct state transitions, enabling safe exits.What’s the difference between optimistic and ZK rollups?
Optimistic assume validity unless disputed during a challenge window. ZK rollups provide validity proofs for each batch, offering faster finality but heavier proving.What are common UX trade‑offs?
Bridges/withdrawals can be delayed (esp. optimistic). Fees depend on L1 data costs. Centralized sequencers impact liveness and censorship resistance.